{"id":730,"date":"2024-01-31T15:20:08","date_gmt":"2024-01-31T12:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/?page_id=730"},"modified":"2024-02-05T17:38:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T14:38:40","slug":"tehlikeli-maddeler","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/tehlikeli-maddeler\/","title":{"rendered":"Tehlikeli Maddeler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row row\"><div class=\"vc_column_container col-md-12\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper vc_column-inner\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><b>TEHL\u0130KEL\u0130 MADDELER\u0130N SINIFLANDIRILMASI<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Tehlikeli ve denizi kirletme riski olan maddelerin denizde ta\u015f\u0131ma yapan gemiler taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 International Convention for the Safety of the Life at Sea (SOLAS) ve International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL) taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>SOLAS ve MARPOL\u2019un ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Tehlikeli Maddeler Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi) gerekli d\u00fczenlemeler detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f ve bu maddelerin deniz yoluyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 konusunda kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1 Ocak 2004 itibariyle IMDG Code zorunlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm ta\u015f\u0131ma tipleri i\u00e7in (deniz, hava, tren, kara ve i\u00e7 su yollar\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131ma) tehlikeli maddelerin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve risk tan\u0131mlar\u0131 da UNITED NATIONS Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu d\u00fczenlemeler dahilinde tan\u0131mlanan tehlikeli madde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1:Patlay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.1: Kitle Halinde ve Birden Patlayanlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>K\u00fctlesel bir patlamaya neden olabilecek patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Bir patlama an\u0131nda neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fckleri etkiler.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.2: Par\u00e7a F\u0131rlatan Fakat Kitle Halinde Patlamayanlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Par\u00e7a f\u0131rlatama riski olan ama kitlesel bir patlamaya sebep olmayacak patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.3: Alevli Patlayanlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karma tehlikesi olan ,patlama \u015fiddeti hafif, az da olsa par\u00e7a f\u0131rlatma tehlikesi mevcut, fakat kitle halinde patlamaya sebep olmayacak patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.4: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Zarar Veren Patlay\u0131c\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Hafif patlama riski olan, etkileri bulundu\u011fu kab\u0131 a\u015fmayacak ,d\u0131\u015far\u0131da bir patlamaya veya yang\u0131na sebebiyet vermeyecek patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir..<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.5: Patlamas\u0131 Zor Fakat Kitle Halinde Patlayabilenler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kitle halinde patlayabilecek ama \u00e7ok zor patlayan hassasiyeti \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 1.6: Patlamas\u0131 Zor ve Kitle Halinde Patlama Tehlikesi Olmayanlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Hem \u00e7ok zor patlayabilecek,hassasiyeti \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kitle halinde patlama tehlikesi olmayan patlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir..<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 2 :Gazlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 2.1: Yan\u0131c\u0131 Gazlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>454 kg (1001 lbs) olan ve at 20\u00b0C (68\u00b0F) alt\u0131nda gaz halinde bulunan maddelerdir. Bu maddelerin bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) dir ve bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda kaynama noktalar\u0131 20\u00b0C (68\u00b0F) veya alt\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ve hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 %13 alt\u0131nda parlay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar. Veya alt limit g\u00f6zetilmeksizin en az % 12 hava kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda ve 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) bas\u0131n\u00e7ta yan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131rlar<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 2.2: Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve Zehirli Olmayan Gazlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bu s\u0131n\u0131fta bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 gazlar, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rlm\u0131\u015f gazlar, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kryojenik gazlar bulunan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rlm\u0131\u015f gazlar ve okside edici gazlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yan\u0131c\u0131 ve zehirli olmayan gazlar 20\u00b0C (68\u00b0F) s\u0131cakl\u0131kta 280 kPa (40.6 psia) bas\u0131n\u00e7 muhteviyat\u0131 olan 2.1 ve 2.3 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na dahil olmayan gazlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 2.3: Zehirli Gazlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bilinen ve ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikesi yaratan<\/p>\n<p>Zehirli gazlar 20\u00b0C ve alt\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, 101.3 kPa bas\u0131n\u00e7ta bulunan (bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda kaynama noktalar\u0131 20\u00b0C veya alt\u0131 olan) \u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zararlar\u0131 kesin olarak kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olmasa da, hayvanlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan testlerde LC50 de\u011feri 5000 ml\/m3 \u00fczerinde olan maddelerdir<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 3 :Yan\u0131c\u0131 S\u0131v\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Yan\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131lar parlama derecesi 60.5\u00b0C (141\u00b0F) den fazla olmayan, yada s\u0131v\u0131 halde olup ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde bulundurulan ve parlama derecesi 37.8\u00b0C (100\u00b0F) ve \u00fczeri olan maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 4 :Yan\u0131c\u0131 Kat\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 4.1: Yan\u0131c\u0131 Kat\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Alevlenebilir kat\u0131lar, \u00e7abuk tutu\u015fabilir kat\u0131lar ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmeden dolay\u0131 yang\u0131na neden olabilen kat\u0131lard\u0131r kendili\u011finden tepkimeye giren maddeler \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 sabit olmayan, oksijen (hava) kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmadan da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekzotermik bozunmaya girme e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n<p>Duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kat\u0131 patlay\u0131c\u0131lar ; patlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini azaltmak i\u00e7in su veya alkol ile \u0131slat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya di\u011fer maddelerle seyreltilmi\u015f maddelerdir.Polimerle\u015ftirici maddeler, stabilizasyon olmadan,<\/p>\n<p>g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekzotermik tepkimeye girerek, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcller olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7maya veya ta\u015f\u0131mada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan normal ko\u015fullarda polimer olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7maya yatk\u0131n maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131f 1\u2019e dahil olan fakat etkinli\u011fi al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f patlay\u0131c\u0131lar veya \u00fcretici taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle bu s\u0131n\u0131fa dahil edilmi\u015f maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 4.2: Kendili\u011finden Yanabilen Kat\u0131lar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kendili\u011finden \u0131s\u0131nan maddeler ve nesneler, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar ve \u00e7\u00f6zeltiler d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, hava ile temas etti\u011finde hi\u00e7bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olmadan \u0131s\u0131nmaya yatk\u0131n maddelerdir. Bu maddeler, yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda (kilogram olarak) ve uzun bir s\u00fcre sonunda (saatler veya g\u00fcnler) tutu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 4.3: Suyla Temas Etti\u011finde Tehlike Arz Edenler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Su ile reaksiyona girerek, hava ile patlay\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar olu\u015fturmaya yatk\u0131n alevlenebilir gazlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kartan maddeleri ve benzer maddeleri i\u00e7eren nesneleri kapsar.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 5 : Oksitleyici Maddeler ve Organik Peroksitler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 5.1: Oksitleyici Ajanlar<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kendileri yan\u0131c\u0131 olsa da olmasa da, genellikle oksijen vererek ba\u015fka malzemelerin yanmas\u0131na neden olan veya buna katk\u0131da bulunan maddeleri kapsar. Bu t\u00fcr maddeler, bir nesne i\u00e7eri\u011finde bulunuyor olabilirler.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 5.2: Organik Peroksitler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Organik peroksitler, iki de\u011ferlikli -O-O- yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren organik maddelerdir ve tek veya her iki hidrojen atomunun organik radikallerle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu hidrojen peroksit t\u00fcrevleri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bu s\u0131n\u0131f maddeleri Is\u0131 kontrol\u00fc gerektiren ve \u0131s\u0131 kontrol\u00fc gerektirmeyen maddeler olarak iki alt s\u0131n\u0131fa ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 6:Toksik ve Mikrop Bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 6.1: Toksik (Zehirli) Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bu maddeler; yutuldu\u011funda, solundu\u011funda veya deriyle temasta \u00f6l\u00fcme veya ciddi yaralanmaya yol a\u00e7an veya insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verebilen maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 6.2: Mikrop Bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>S\u0131n\u0131f 6.2 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 maddeleri kapsar. IMDG code ama\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan , bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 maddeler, patojen i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bilinen ve i\u00e7ermesi beklenen maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Patojenler, insanlarda ve hayvanlarda hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olabilecek mikroorganizmalar (bakteriler, vir\u00fcsler, riketsiya, parazitler, mantar d\u00e2hil) ve prionlar gibi di\u011fer ajanlar olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 7: Radyoaktif Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Radyoaktif<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Radyoaktif malzeme, IMDG code 2.2.7.2.2.1 ila 2.2.7.2.2.6.&#8217;da belirtilen de\u011ferleri sevkiyatta hem aktivite konsantrasyonu hem de toplam aktivite olarak a\u015fan radyon\u00fcklidleri i\u00e7eren herhangi bir malzeme anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 8: A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (Korozif) Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Korozif<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 maddeler, kimyasal etkiyle cilde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan bir hasara neden olacak ya da s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 durumunda di\u011fer mallara veya ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131na maddi olarak zarar verecek veya hatta tahrip edecek maddelerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131c\u0131 bu s\u0131n\u0131f yaln\u0131zca suyun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131 olu\u015fturan veya havan\u0131n do\u011fal neminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 buhar veya sis \u00fcreten di\u011fer maddeleri de kapsar.<\/p>\n<p><b>S\u0131n\u0131f 9: Di\u011fer Tehlikeli Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Di\u011fer Tehlikeli Maddeler<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tehlike arzeden ama tan\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flardan herhangi birine uymayan maddeler bu s\u0131n\u0131fa girer. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fta a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddeler yer al\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nce toz \u015feklinde solundu\u011funda sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikeye sokabilen maddeler; Yang\u0131n durumunda dioksinler olu\u015fturabilen maddeler ve nesneler;Alevlenebilir buhar yayan maddeler;Kapasit\u00f6rler<\/p>\n<p>Lityum bataryalar;Can kurtar\u0131c\u0131 aletler;\u00c7evreye zararl\u0131 maddeler; deniz kirleticiler;Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131 maddeler;Ba\u015fka bir s\u0131n\u0131ftaki tan\u0131mlara uymayan ama ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tehlike arz eden di\u011fer maddeler ve ne\u015feneler<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"TEHL\u0130KEL\u0130 MADDELER\u0130N SINIFLANDIRILMASI Tehlikeli ve denizi kirletme riski olan maddelerin denizde ta\u015f\u0131ma yapan gemiler taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 International Convention for the Safety of the Life at Sea (SOLAS) ve International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL) taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenmektedir. SOLAS ve MARPOL\u2019un ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code (Uluslararas\u0131 Denizcilik Tehlikeli Maddeler [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-730","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=730"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/730\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":750,"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/730\/revisions\/750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.gnllojistik.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}